Effects of Smoking on Serum Ferritin levels in adult population living in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

Authors

  • Jihad M. Hadi Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1116-5885
  • Shanya B. Shawkat Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional, Iraq.
  • Hwda Gh. Rauf Kurdistan Technical Institute, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
  • Soma A. Hama Karim Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional, Iraq.
  • Ayman M. Mustafa Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional, Iraq.
  • Soz N. Muhammad Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional, Iraq.
  • Mhamad S. Abdullah Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22317/imj.v7i2.1238

Abstract

Objectives: The current study aims to examines the effect of smoking on serum ferritin levels of adult populations in Sulaymaniyah. 

Methods: The study was conducted on 80 smokers and 20 non-smokers, totally 100 persons. Their ages ranged from 18 to 65 years.

Results: This study showed that the majority of smokers had elevated ferritin levels. A p-value of less than 0.05 indicated a significant difference in ferritin levels between smokers and non-smokers groups. The average ferritin level among smoker group was 227.40 mg/L, while the average ferritin level among non-smokers group was 118.3 mg/L. Regarding the associated between age groups and average ferritin levels, the average ferritin level is highest in the age groups between 51-61 years old. In addition, obesity may play a role in raising ferritin levels, people with obese conditions (BMI > 30) have the highest average ferritin levels than others.

Conclusion: This study provides evidence that smoking negatively affect serum ferritin levels, since increases in mean ferritin levels are very striking in smoking and obese group.

References

Zafeiridou, M., Hopkinson, N. S., & Voulvoulis, N. (2018). Cigarette smoking: an assessment of tobacco’s global environmental footprint across its entire supply chain. Environmental science & technology, 52(15), 8087-8094.

Noar, S. M., Kelley, D. E., Boynton, M. H., Morgan, J. C., Hall, M. G., Mendel, J. R., ... & Brewer, N. T. (2018). Identifying principles for effective messages about chemicals in cigarette smoke. Preventive medicine, 106, 31-37.

Zhang, S., Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Guo, D., & Chen, Y. (2021). Inhalable cigarette-burning particles: Size-resolved chemical composition and mixing state. Environmental Research, 202, 111790.

DePalma, R. G., Hayes, V. W., & O'Leary, T. J. (2021). Optimal serum ferritin level range: Iron status measure and inflammatory biomarker. Metallomics, 13(6), mfab030.

Ji, M., Li, X. D., Shi, H. B., Ning, Z. H., Zhao, W. Q., Wang, Q., ... & Wu, C. P. (2014). Clinical significance of serum ferritin in elderly patients with primary lung carcinoma. Tumor Biology, 35, 10195-10199.

Alomari, M. A., Al-sheyab, N. A., Shattnawi, K. K., & Khabour, O. F. (2021). Gender-specific differences in plasma ferritin in adolescents smoking cigarettes versus waterpipe smoking: the Irbid-TRY Project. Archives of Medical Science.

Lee, C. H., Goag, E. K., Lee, S. H., Chung, K. S., Jung, J. Y., Park, M. S., ... & Song, J. H. (2016). Association of serum ferritin levels with smoking and lung function in the Korean adult population: analysis of the fourth and fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 3001-3006.

Gupta, C. P. (2014). Role of iron (Fe) in body. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 7(11), 38-46.

Mohamed11, N., Ibrahim, M. A., Mohamed, F., & Elshikh, R. M. A. Y. M. Serum Iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity and Electrolytes Levels in Sudanese smokers.

Knovich, M. A., Storey, J. A., Coffman, L. G., Torti, S. V., & Torti, F. M. (2009). Ferritin for the clinician. Blood reviews, 23(3), 95-104.

Wang, W., Knovich, M. A., Coffman, L. G., Torti, F. M., & Torti, S. V. (2010). Serum ferritin: past, present and future. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects, 1800(8), 760-769.

Gasche, C., Lomer, M. C. E., Cavill, I., & Weiss, G. (2004). Iron, anaemia, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut, 53(8), 1190-1197.

Kunutsor, S. K., Apekey, T. A., Walley, J., & Kain, K. (2013). Ferritin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective evidence. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 29(4), 308-318.

Felipe, A., Guadalupe, E., Druso, P., Carlos, M., Pablo, S., Oscar, C., ... & Federico, L. (2015). Serum ferritin is associated with metabolic syndrome and red meat consumption. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2015.

Pisano, G., Lombardi, R., & Fracanzani, A. L. (2016). Vascular damage in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Possible role of iron and ferritin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(5), 675.

Hadi JM, Mohammad HM, Ahmed AY, Tofiq SS, Abdalrahman LB, Qasm AA, Ameer AM, Tofiq Sr S. Investigation of Serum Ferritin for the Prediction of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus. 2022 Nov 28;14(11).

Muhammad, F., Mussarat, N., Tanveer, J., & Muhammad Mazhar, H. (2002). Relationship between smoking and serum ferritin levels.

Feigin, V. L., Vos, T., Alahdab, F., Amit, A. M. L., Bärnighausen, T. W., Beghi, E., ... & GBD 2017 US Neurological Disorders Collaborators. (2021). Burden of neurological disorders across the US from 1990-2017: a global burden of disease study. JAMA neurology, 78(2), 165-176.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-26

How to Cite

Hadi, J. M. ., Shawkat, S. B. ., Rauf, H. G. ., Karim, S. A. H. ., Mustafa, A. M. ., Muhammad, S. N. ., & Abdullah, M. S. . (2023). Effects of Smoking on Serum Ferritin levels in adult population living in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study. Iraq Medical Journal, 7(2), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.22317/imj.v7i2.1238

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): Spring 2023

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Iraq Medical Journal

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.