The Potential role of Eugenol and Ocimum sanctum extract on female rats: a focus on infertility efficacy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22317/imj.v4i4.965Abstract
Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the infertility effect of Eug and OS extract administrations in female albino rats.
Methods Healthy female albino rats are provided with EUG (99% pure) with a dose of 0.4 ml/ day/ rat and OS Linn. Leaf extract with a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight/ day/ rat orally for 20 days. The control group received saline (vehicle). On day 20 of gestation, maternal and foetal, Antifertility and Antiimplantation, ovarian follicular kinetics and Estrogenic activity parameters. ANOVA Analysis One-way with Dunnett comparison tests used to analyze data. Ocimum Sanctum also gets an antifertility effect.
Results Oral administration of the extract from days 1 to 19 of gestation showed a reduction (p<0.05) in the number of corpora lutea of pregnancy and number of live fetuses. The foetal and placental weights were also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in Eug and OS extract compared with the control. The results revealed that Antiimplantation activity were 87.17% and 79.48% in Eug and OS extract administration. Antifertility activity was 83.33 % in in Eug and OS extract administration.
Conclusion The results of this study concluded the evidence for the antifertility activity of the administration of Eug and OS extract in female rats. Administration can induce the effects of inhibition on reproductive function in female albino rats.
References
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27. Iranloye B, Owokunle B. Effect of Garcinia kola seed extract on female reproductive functions in rats. Int J Pharmacol. 2008; 4: 276-281.
28. Uguru, MO, Okwuasaba FK, Ekwenchi MM. and Uguru VE. Oxytocic and oestrogenic effects of Monechma ciliatum methanol extract in vivo and in vitro in rodents. Phytother. Res. 1995; 9 (1): 26-29.
29. Goldfien, A. The gonadal hormones and inhibitors. Basic and clinical pharmacology, 6th ed. ed. Katzung, B. G.. Appleton and Lange, 25 Van Zant Street, east Norwalk. 1995.
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31. Fransworth MR, Bingel AS, Cordell GA, Crane FA. and Fong HS. Potential Value of Plants as Sources of New Anti-fertility Agent I. J Pharml Sci. 1975; 64 (4): 535-598.
32. Mekonnen Y. Effects of ethanol extract of Moringa stenopetala leaves on guinea pig and mouse smooth muscle. Phytother Res. 1999; 13: 442-444.
33. Sarita M. Antifertility Activity of Eugenia Jambolana Seed Extract in Female Albino Rat. Biochem Physiol. 2018; 7(2): 1-5.
34. Ahirwar D, Ahirwar B, Kharya MD. Evaluation of antifertility activity of Trigonella foenum graecum seeds. J Der Pharm Sci. 2010; 1(3): 33-39.
2. Uchendu CN, Kamalu TN, Asuzu IU. A preliminary evaluation of antifertility activity of a triterpenoid glycoside from Dalbergia saxatilis in female Wistar rats. Pharmacol Res. 2000; 41:521-525.
3. Srivastava S, Keshri G, Bhargevan B, Singh C, Singh MM. Pregnancy interceptive activity of the roots of Calotropis gigantea Linn in rats. Contraception. 2007; 75: 318-322.
4. Muller JC, Botelho GG, Bufalo AC, Boaereto AC, Rattman YD, Martins ES, et al. Morinda citrifolia Linn Noni: In vivo and in vitro reproductive toxicology. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 121: 229-233.
5. Costa-Silva JH, Lima CR, Silva EJ, Araujo AV, Fraga MC, Ribeiro E Ribeiro A, et al. Acute and sub acute toxicity of the Carapa guianensis Aublet Meliaceae seed oil. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008; 116: 495-500.
6. Lalit Sharma, Aditi Sharma GL, Gupta, Gopal Singh Bisht. Protective effect of Ocimum Sanctum Linn. leaf extract on ethanol withdrawal syndrome in Wistar rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2018; 11(8):467-472.
7. Mukherji SP. Ocimum-a cheap source of Eugenol. Science Reporter. 1987; 31: 599.
8. Sen P. Therapeutic potentials of Tulsi : from experience to facts. Drugs News & Views. 1993; 1(2): 15–21.
9. Ankush Raj, Amrinder Singh, Arvind Sharma, Netrapal Singh, Pradeep Kumar, Vidur Bhatia. Antifertility Activity of Medicinal Plants on Reproductive system of Female Rat. International Journal of Bioengineering Sciences & Technology. 2011; 02(03): 44-50.
10. Singh J, Sethi J and Sood S. Ocimum sanctum : An Updated Review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2010; 9 3: 97-103.
11. Shankar Mondal, Bijay R, Mirdha and Suhil C, Mahapatra. The science behind sacredness of tulsi Ocimum sanctum Linn, Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009; 53(4): 291–306.
12. Kulkarni D. Eugenol induced changes in reproductive cycle of female albino rats. Biosci Biotech Res Comm. 2011; 41: 98-101.
13. Hyacinth AA, Nwocha UC. Antifertility activity of aqueous ethanolic extract of Hymenocardia acida stems bark in female rats.Iranian journal of reproductive medicine. 2011; 9(3): 217.
14. Tafessel G, Mekonnen Y, Makonnen E. In vivo and in vitro antifertility and antiimplantation properties of Leonotis ocymifolia in rats. Afr J Trad CAM. 2005; 2: 103- 112.
15. Hirshfield AN. Development of follicles in the mammalian ovary. Int Rev Cytol. 1991; 124: 43-101.
16. Sanjay VS, Joshi BN. Melatonin and exposure to constant light/darkness affects ovarian follicular kinetics and estrous cycle in Indian desert Gerbil Meriones hurrianae Jerdon. Gen Comp Endocrionol. 1997; 180: 352-357.
17. Lundy T, Smith PO, Connell A, Hudson NL, Mc Natty KP. Population of grannulosa cells in small follicles of the sheep ovary.J Reprod Fertil. 1999; 155: 251-262.
18. Hiremath SP, Hanumantha RS. Antifertility efficacy of the plant Striga lutea Scrophulariacae on rats. Contraception. 1990; 42(4): 467-477.
19. Uchendu CN, Isek T. Antifertility activity of aqueous ethanolic leaf extract of Spondias mombin Anacardiaceae in rats. Afr Health Sci. 2008; 8: 163-167.
20. Yadav R, Jain GC. Antifertility effect and hormonal profile of petroleum ether extract of seeds of Cassia fistula in female rats. International Journal of Pharmacology and Technology Research. 2009; 1: 438-444.
21. Hikim AP, Lue YH, Wang C, Reutrakul V, Sangsuwan R, Swerdloff RS. Post testicular antifertility action of triptolide in the male rat: evidence for severe impairment of cauda epididymal sperm ultra structure. J Androl. 2000; 21: 431-437.
22. Almeida FC, Lemonica IP. The toxic effects of Coleus barbatus on the different periods of pregnancy in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 73: 53-60.
23. Nirmal G and Arun Nilkanthrao Bhasme. Anti-implantation and Antifertility activity of azadirchta indica tincture ait and azadirchta indica 30 potency ai 30 in female albino rats. International Journal of Biological & Pharmaceutical Research. 2017; 8(1): 29-33.
24. Rasheed RA, Bashir AK, Ali BH, Padmanabhan R. Effect of Rhazya stricta on the developing rat fetus. Reprod Toxicol. 1997; 11: 191-199.
25. Schwarz A, Pinto E, Haraguchi M, de Oliveira CA, Bernardi MM, Spinosa HS. Phytochemical study of Solanum lycocarpum unripe fruit and its effects on rat gestation. Phytotherapy Research. 2007; 21: 1025-1028.
26. Nana P, Asongalem ER, Foyet HS, Folefoe GN, Dimo T, Kamtchouing P. Maternal and developmental toxicity evaluation of Acanthus montanus leaves extract administered orally to Wistar pregnant rats during organogenesis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008; 116: 228-233.
27. Iranloye B, Owokunle B. Effect of Garcinia kola seed extract on female reproductive functions in rats. Int J Pharmacol. 2008; 4: 276-281.
28. Uguru, MO, Okwuasaba FK, Ekwenchi MM. and Uguru VE. Oxytocic and oestrogenic effects of Monechma ciliatum methanol extract in vivo and in vitro in rodents. Phytother. Res. 1995; 9 (1): 26-29.
29. Goldfien, A. The gonadal hormones and inhibitors. Basic and clinical pharmacology, 6th ed. ed. Katzung, B. G.. Appleton and Lange, 25 Van Zant Street, east Norwalk. 1995.
30. Debella A, Haslinger E, Kunert O, Michl G and Dawit Abebe. Steroidal Saponins from Asparagus africanus. Phytochemistry. 1999; 51: 1066-1075.
31. Fransworth MR, Bingel AS, Cordell GA, Crane FA. and Fong HS. Potential Value of Plants as Sources of New Anti-fertility Agent I. J Pharml Sci. 1975; 64 (4): 535-598.
32. Mekonnen Y. Effects of ethanol extract of Moringa stenopetala leaves on guinea pig and mouse smooth muscle. Phytother Res. 1999; 13: 442-444.
33. Sarita M. Antifertility Activity of Eugenia Jambolana Seed Extract in Female Albino Rat. Biochem Physiol. 2018; 7(2): 1-5.
34. Ahirwar D, Ahirwar B, Kharya MD. Evaluation of antifertility activity of Trigonella foenum graecum seeds. J Der Pharm Sci. 2010; 1(3): 33-39.