Prevalence and ultrasound features of poly cystic ovaries in Kerbala - Iraq
Keywords:
Polycystic changes of ovary, Ultrasound, Ovarian follicle, Polycystic ovarian syndromeAbstract
Objective: The prevalence of PCO is still greatly unidentified in our country so the current study presents the prevalence and ultrasound of PCO.
Method: This prospective study which was studied in 106 women with age ranging between 18 and 47 years old had been enrolled outpatient clinic from February 2016 to August 2017 presenting with menstrual abnormality or infertility, ethically permission was taken from them for ultrasonography.
Result: The accepted ultrasound features of PCO is the existence of twelve or higher number of follicles in ovaries with size measured ranging between two to nine millimeter was 88 from 106 females ;volume of ovary measured higher than 10 cm3 was 80 from those 106 females ; a distribution of follicles in ovary seen to be peripherally arranged was 78 (73.6 %) and increase echogenicity and thickness of ovarian stroma was 63 (59.4 %).
Conclusion: The study result that the highest sensitivity criteria in establishing the diagnosis of PCO is the presence of twelve follicles in ovary or higher number of follicles with size measured ranging between two to nine millimeter.
References
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[6] http://www.nichd.nih.gov.2013-05-23. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
[7]Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group, authors. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004;81:19–25.
[8]Legro RS, Barnhart HX, Schlaff WD, Carr BR, Diamond MP, Carson SA, et al. Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 2007;356(6):551–66.
[9] Shaista S. G., Prevalence and ultrasound features of polycystic ovaries in young unmarried Saudi females ,2013 :30-34
[10]Tang T, Glanville J, Hayden CJ, White D, Barth JH, Balen AH. Combined lifestyle modification and metformin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre study. Human Reproduction 2006;21(1):80–9.
[11]http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/infertility/definitions/en/,in 29-8-2017 at 10:11 Am.
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[14] Haq F, Aftab O, Rizvi J. Clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic features of infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2007;17(2): 76–80.
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[17] Wild RA, Vesely S, Beebe L, Whitsett T, Owen W. Ferriman Gallwey self-scoring I: performance assessment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005;90(7):4112.
[18]Pigny P, Bauters C, Wemeau J-L, Houcke ML, Crepin M, Caron P, et al. A novel 9-base pair duplication in RET exon 8 in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999;84(5):1700–4.
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[20] Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Kouli CR, Bergiele AT, Filandra FA, Tsianateli TC, Spina GG, et al. A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: hormonal and metabolic profile. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999;84(11): 4006–11.
[21] Knochenhauer E, Key T, Kahsar-Miller M, Waggoner W, Boots L, Azziz R. Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998;83(9):3078–82.
[22] Asunción M, Calvo RM, San Millán JL, Sancho J, Avila S, EscobarMorreale HF. A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2000;85(7): 2434–8.
[23] Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, EscobarMorreale HF, Futterweit W, et al. Position statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006;91(11): 4237.
[24] Franks S. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. International Journal of Obesity 2008;32(7):1035–41.
[25] Blank SK, Helm KD, McCartney CR, Marshall JC. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2008;1135(1):76–84.
[26] Franks S, Gilling-Smith C, Watson H, Willis D. Insulin action in the normal and polycystic ovary. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 1999;28(2):361–78.
[27] Balen AH, Laven JS, Tan SL, Dewailly D. Ultrasound assessment of the polycystic ovary:international consensus definitions. Human Reproduction Update 2003;9(6):505–14.
[28] Christensen JT, Boldsen J, Westergaard JG. Ovarian volume in gynecologically healthy women using no contraception, or using IUD or oral contraception. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1997;76(8):784–9.
[29] Allemand MC, Tummon IS, Phy JL, Foong SC, Dumesic DA, Session DR. Diagnosis of polycystic ovaries by three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound. Fertility and Sterility 2006;85(1):214.
[30] Nardo LG, Buckett WM, Khullar V. Determination of the best-fitting ultrasound formulaic method for ovarian volume measurement in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility 2003;79(3):632–3.
[2] Dewailly D, Hieronimus S, Mirakian P, Hugues J-N, editors. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Annales d’endocrinologie. Elsevier; 2010.
[3]De Leo V, Musacchio MC, Cappelli V, Massaro MG, Morgante G, Petraglia F (2016). "Genetic, hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS: an update" . Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E (Review). 14 (1): 38. PMC 4947298  . PMID 27423183. doi:10.1186/s12958-016-0173-x
[4]Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Kandarakis H, Legro RS (2006). "The role of genes and environment in the etiology of PCOS". Endocrine. 30 (1): 19 26. PMID 17185788. doi:10.1385/ENDO:30:1:19.
[5]Dumesic DA, Oberfield SE, Stener-Victorin E, Marshall JC, Laven JS, Legro RS (2015)."Scientific Statement on the Diagnostic Criteria, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Molecular Genetics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome". Endocrine Reviews (Review). 36 (5): 487–525. PMC 4591526  . PMID 26426951. doi:10.1210/er.2015-1018.
[6] http://www.nichd.nih.gov.2013-05-23. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
[7]Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group, authors. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004;81:19–25.
[8]Legro RS, Barnhart HX, Schlaff WD, Carr BR, Diamond MP, Carson SA, et al. Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 2007;356(6):551–66.
[9] Shaista S. G., Prevalence and ultrasound features of polycystic ovaries in young unmarried Saudi females ,2013 :30-34
[10]Tang T, Glanville J, Hayden CJ, White D, Barth JH, Balen AH. Combined lifestyle modification and metformin in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre study. Human Reproduction 2006;21(1):80–9.
[11]http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/infertility/definitions/en/,in 29-8-2017 at 10:11 Am.
[12] March WA, Moore VM, Willson KJ, Phillips DI, Norman RJ, Davies MJ. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria. Human Reproduction 2010;25(2):544–51.
[ 13] Tamimi W, Siddiqui IA, Tamim H, AlEisa N, Adham M. Effect of body mass index on clinical manifestations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009;107(1):54–7.
[14] Haq F, Aftab O, Rizvi J. Clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic features of infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2007;17(2): 76–80.
[15] Barber TM, Golding SJ, Alvey C, Wass JA, Karpe F, Franks S, et al. Global adiposity rather than abnormal regional fat distribution characterizes women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2008;93(3):999–1004.
[16] Yildiz BO, Knochenhauer ES, Azziz R. Impact of obesity on the risk for polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2008;93(1):162–8.
[17] Wild RA, Vesely S, Beebe L, Whitsett T, Owen W. Ferriman Gallwey self-scoring I: performance assessment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005;90(7):4112.
[18]Pigny P, Bauters C, Wemeau J-L, Houcke ML, Crepin M, Caron P, et al. A novel 9-base pair duplication in RET exon 8 in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999;84(5):1700–4.
[ 19] Jonard S, Robert Y, Cortet-Rudelli C, Pigny P, Decanter C, Dewailly D. Ultrasound examination of polycystic ovaries: is it worth counting the follicles? Human Reproduction 2003;18(3):598–603.
[20] Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Kouli CR, Bergiele AT, Filandra FA, Tsianateli TC, Spina GG, et al. A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: hormonal and metabolic profile. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999;84(11): 4006–11.
[21] Knochenhauer E, Key T, Kahsar-Miller M, Waggoner W, Boots L, Azziz R. Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998;83(9):3078–82.
[22] Asunción M, Calvo RM, San Millán JL, Sancho J, Avila S, EscobarMorreale HF. A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2000;85(7): 2434–8.
[23] Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, EscobarMorreale HF, Futterweit W, et al. Position statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006;91(11): 4237.
[24] Franks S. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. International Journal of Obesity 2008;32(7):1035–41.
[25] Blank SK, Helm KD, McCartney CR, Marshall JC. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2008;1135(1):76–84.
[26] Franks S, Gilling-Smith C, Watson H, Willis D. Insulin action in the normal and polycystic ovary. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 1999;28(2):361–78.
[27] Balen AH, Laven JS, Tan SL, Dewailly D. Ultrasound assessment of the polycystic ovary:international consensus definitions. Human Reproduction Update 2003;9(6):505–14.
[28] Christensen JT, Boldsen J, Westergaard JG. Ovarian volume in gynecologically healthy women using no contraception, or using IUD or oral contraception. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1997;76(8):784–9.
[29] Allemand MC, Tummon IS, Phy JL, Foong SC, Dumesic DA, Session DR. Diagnosis of polycystic ovaries by three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound. Fertility and Sterility 2006;85(1):214.
[30] Nardo LG, Buckett WM, Khullar V. Determination of the best-fitting ultrasound formulaic method for ovarian volume measurement in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and Sterility 2003;79(3):632–3.
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Published
2018-12-26
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Al hindawi ZM. Prevalence and ultrasound features of poly cystic ovaries in Kerbala - Iraq. Iraq Med J [Internet]. 2018 Dec. 26 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];2(4). Available from: https://iraqmedj.org/index.php/imj/article/view/531
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