Diagnosis of Breast Cancer by some remarkable enzymes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22317/imj.v5i3.1056Keywords:
Breast cancer, remarkable enzymesAbstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the activity of several remarkable enzymes in the serum of breast cancer and estimate their potential value in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Methods: The study comprised of 70 patients with breast cancer and 50 age and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls. Levels of (5 –Nucleotidase), Acid phosphatase activity (ACP), Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), Serum β-glucuronidase, Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Adenosine deaminase ADA were measured using enzymatic methods.
Results: There was a significant increase in the Catalytic activities of 5 –Nucleotidase((p<0.001), ACP ( p< 0.05), GDH ( ≤0.001 p), Serum β-glucuronidase (p<0.0001), ADH ( p< 0.001), SOD (p< 0.001))and ADA(p< 0.001),while there was no significant increase in the level of Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)( p = 0.231)in sera of breast cancer patients compared to the control.
Conclusion: The present study strongly indicates the potential role of SOD, GDH, ADH, GDH,5–Nucleotidase,GLU and ACP as important biomarkers in breast cancer.
References
[1] A. E. Fard, A. Zarepour, A. Zarrabi, A. Shanei, and H. Salehi, “Synergistic effect of the combination of triethylene-glycol modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles and ultrasound wave on MCF-7 cells,†Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials., 2015; 394:pp. 44–49,.
[2] Genetic home reference, “Breast cancer,†2015,
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=malignancy.
[3]. Lynn JJ, Chen KF, Weng YM, Chiu TF. Risk factors associated with complications in patients with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in emergency department. Hematol Oncol., 2013; 31(4): 189–196.
[4]. Raza, V.; Khanam, A.; Naimatullah, S. Evaluation of Non-Heamatological and Hepatic Toxicities Developed During Chemotherapy Treatment And Role of Liver Enzymes In Disease Prognosis. Journal of Biochemistry., 2010; 16(1): 10-16.
[5]. Yalcin O, Karatas F, Erulas FA: The levels of glutathione peroxidase, vitamins A, E, C, and lipid peroxidation in patients with urothelial cáncer. BJU Int., 2009; 93: 863-866.
[6]. Liang SL, Chan DW: Enzymes and related proteins as cancer biomarkers: a proteomic approach. Clin Chim Acta., 2011; 381(1): 93-97.
[7]. Durak I, Isik ACU, Canbolat O, Akyol O, Kavutcu M: Adenosine deaminase, 5 nucleotidase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in cancerous and non-cancerous human laryngeal tissues.Free Radic Biol Med., 2010; 15: 681-4.
[8]. Seth RK, Simmi Kharb, Kharb DP. Serum biochemical markers incarcinoma breast. Ind J of Med Sci., 2010; 257(8): 350-54.
[9]. Stefanni M. Enzymes, isoenzymes ane enzyme variants in the diagnosis of cancer. A short review. Cancer., 2010; 55: 1931-6.
[10] Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferla J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. Cancer J Clin., 2011; 61: 69-90.
[11] Aghaei M, Tehrani FK, Salami S, Atri M. Adenosinedeaminase activity in the serum and malignant tumors of breast cancer: The assessment of isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 activities. Clin Biochem., 2010; 38(10): 887-91.
[12] Smita GN, Vaidya SM. Serum 5’adenosine deaminase,5’nucleotidase in breast carcinoma in stagewise manner.Journal of Advance Researches in Biological Sciences., 2013; 5(2): 135-8.
[13] L. Jin, D. Li, G. N. Alesi et al., “Glutamate dehydrogenase 1signals through antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 1 to regulate redox homeostasis and tumor growth,†Cancer Cell., 2015; 27(2): 257–270.
[14] G. Liu, J. Zhu, M. Yu et al., “Glutamate dehydrogenase is a novel prognostic marker and predicts metastases in colorectal cancer patients,†Journal of Translational Medicine., 2015. 13( 1): p. 144,
[15] D. M. Miller, S. D. Thomas, A. Islam, D. Muench, and K. Sedoris, “c-Myc and cancer metabolism,†Clinical Cancer Research., 2012; 18(20)
[16] B. J. Altman, Z. E. Stine, and C. V. Dang, “From Krebs to clinic: glutamine metabolism to cancer therapy,†Nature Reviews Cancer., 2016;16( 10): 619–634,
[17] Filmus JE, Podhajcer OL, Mareso E, Guman N, Mordoh J: Acid phosphatase in human breast cancer tissue. Cancer. 1984, 53: 301-305.
[18] Aanzerotti RH, Gullino PM: Activities and quantities of lysosomal enzymes during mammary tumor regression. Cancer Res. 1972, 32: 2679-2685.
[19] Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Pike MC, Sevanian A, Haile R. Role of lipid peroxidation in the epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev., 2005; 14:2829-39
[20] Yu B.P, Cellular defences against damage from reactive oxygen species. Biol Rev., 1994 74: 139 – 163
[21] Jayaraman, K.S: Technology tradition unite India’s drug Discovery scheme. Nat. Med., 2003; 9: 982
[22] Antonyuk, S.V.; Strange, R.W.; Marklund, S.L. and Hasnain, S.S: The structure of human extracellular copper-zinc superoxide dismutase at 1.7 A resolution: insights into heparin and collagen binding. J. Mol. Biol., 2009:388 (2): 310–26
[23] Elchuri, S.; Oberley, T.D.; Qi, W.; Eisenstein, R.S.; Jackson, R.L.; Van, R. H.; Epstein C.J. and Huang, T.T: Cu Zn SOD deficiency leads to persistent and widespread oxidative damage and hepato carcinogenesis later in life. Oncogene., 2005;24 (3): 367–80
[24] Kaplan, J.H. and Groses, J.N: Liver and blood cell catalase activity of tumour bearing mice. Cancer Res., 1972; 26: 1190-94
[25] Żółtaszek R., Hanausek M., Kiliańska Z.M., Walaszek Z.: The bio¬logical role of D-glucaric acid and its derivatives: potential use in medicine. Postępy Hig. Med. Dośw., 2008; 62: 451-462
[26] Jelski et al. Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) as Candidates for Tumor Markers in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2011;20 ( 3): 255-259
[2] Genetic home reference, “Breast cancer,†2015,
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=malignancy.
[3]. Lynn JJ, Chen KF, Weng YM, Chiu TF. Risk factors associated with complications in patients with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in emergency department. Hematol Oncol., 2013; 31(4): 189–196.
[4]. Raza, V.; Khanam, A.; Naimatullah, S. Evaluation of Non-Heamatological and Hepatic Toxicities Developed During Chemotherapy Treatment And Role of Liver Enzymes In Disease Prognosis. Journal of Biochemistry., 2010; 16(1): 10-16.
[5]. Yalcin O, Karatas F, Erulas FA: The levels of glutathione peroxidase, vitamins A, E, C, and lipid peroxidation in patients with urothelial cáncer. BJU Int., 2009; 93: 863-866.
[6]. Liang SL, Chan DW: Enzymes and related proteins as cancer biomarkers: a proteomic approach. Clin Chim Acta., 2011; 381(1): 93-97.
[7]. Durak I, Isik ACU, Canbolat O, Akyol O, Kavutcu M: Adenosine deaminase, 5 nucleotidase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in cancerous and non-cancerous human laryngeal tissues.Free Radic Biol Med., 2010; 15: 681-4.
[8]. Seth RK, Simmi Kharb, Kharb DP. Serum biochemical markers incarcinoma breast. Ind J of Med Sci., 2010; 257(8): 350-54.
[9]. Stefanni M. Enzymes, isoenzymes ane enzyme variants in the diagnosis of cancer. A short review. Cancer., 2010; 55: 1931-6.
[10] Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferla J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. Cancer J Clin., 2011; 61: 69-90.
[11] Aghaei M, Tehrani FK, Salami S, Atri M. Adenosinedeaminase activity in the serum and malignant tumors of breast cancer: The assessment of isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 activities. Clin Biochem., 2010; 38(10): 887-91.
[12] Smita GN, Vaidya SM. Serum 5’adenosine deaminase,5’nucleotidase in breast carcinoma in stagewise manner.Journal of Advance Researches in Biological Sciences., 2013; 5(2): 135-8.
[13] L. Jin, D. Li, G. N. Alesi et al., “Glutamate dehydrogenase 1signals through antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 1 to regulate redox homeostasis and tumor growth,†Cancer Cell., 2015; 27(2): 257–270.
[14] G. Liu, J. Zhu, M. Yu et al., “Glutamate dehydrogenase is a novel prognostic marker and predicts metastases in colorectal cancer patients,†Journal of Translational Medicine., 2015. 13( 1): p. 144,
[15] D. M. Miller, S. D. Thomas, A. Islam, D. Muench, and K. Sedoris, “c-Myc and cancer metabolism,†Clinical Cancer Research., 2012; 18(20)
[16] B. J. Altman, Z. E. Stine, and C. V. Dang, “From Krebs to clinic: glutamine metabolism to cancer therapy,†Nature Reviews Cancer., 2016;16( 10): 619–634,
[17] Filmus JE, Podhajcer OL, Mareso E, Guman N, Mordoh J: Acid phosphatase in human breast cancer tissue. Cancer. 1984, 53: 301-305.
[18] Aanzerotti RH, Gullino PM: Activities and quantities of lysosomal enzymes during mammary tumor regression. Cancer Res. 1972, 32: 2679-2685.
[19] Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Pike MC, Sevanian A, Haile R. Role of lipid peroxidation in the epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev., 2005; 14:2829-39
[20] Yu B.P, Cellular defences against damage from reactive oxygen species. Biol Rev., 1994 74: 139 – 163
[21] Jayaraman, K.S: Technology tradition unite India’s drug Discovery scheme. Nat. Med., 2003; 9: 982
[22] Antonyuk, S.V.; Strange, R.W.; Marklund, S.L. and Hasnain, S.S: The structure of human extracellular copper-zinc superoxide dismutase at 1.7 A resolution: insights into heparin and collagen binding. J. Mol. Biol., 2009:388 (2): 310–26
[23] Elchuri, S.; Oberley, T.D.; Qi, W.; Eisenstein, R.S.; Jackson, R.L.; Van, R. H.; Epstein C.J. and Huang, T.T: Cu Zn SOD deficiency leads to persistent and widespread oxidative damage and hepato carcinogenesis later in life. Oncogene., 2005;24 (3): 367–80
[24] Kaplan, J.H. and Groses, J.N: Liver and blood cell catalase activity of tumour bearing mice. Cancer Res., 1972; 26: 1190-94
[25] Żółtaszek R., Hanausek M., Kiliańska Z.M., Walaszek Z.: The bio¬logical role of D-glucaric acid and its derivatives: potential use in medicine. Postępy Hig. Med. Dośw., 2008; 62: 451-462
[26] Jelski et al. Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) as Candidates for Tumor Markers in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2011;20 ( 3): 255-259