The correlation between Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer in admitted patients in Oncology teaching hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22317/imj.v5i4.1136Keywords:
Vitamin D, Colorectal Neoplasms, IraqAbstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer.
Methods: In this prospective study, data from 100 patients with newly diagnosed colon cancer were taken non-randomly and data’s from100 other control cases were taken from December 2019 to December 2020 in Rizgary Oncology Center in Erbil to find out the relation between vitamin D and colorectal cancer.
Results: The current study revealed that, mean of vitamin D level of patients were 6.833(SD=2.940), while mean of vitamin D level were 14.435(SD=4.356) in control group. Concerning the level of vitamin D level based on stage IV cases have lower vitamin D level compared to other earlier stages, the stage of disease, In stage I-III cases vitamin D level was 8.456(SD=6.696), while the mean of vitamin D in stage IV colon cancer cases were 6.723(SD=3.191).
Conclusion: This study found out that vitamin D deficiency is common in colon cancer cases with more than 95 percent of cases having vitamin D deficiency. Another finding of this study is that when the mean vitamin D level within the deficit group is compared to the control group within the same group. The colorectal cancer cases have lower mean vitamin D level.
References
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25.Potte r JD. Colorectal cancer : molecule s and populations. J NatlCanc e r I nst 1999;91:916–932.
26.Gandini S, Boniol M, Haukka J, Byrnes G, Cox B, Sneyd MJ, Mullie P, Autier P. Meta-analysis of observational studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and colorectal, breast and prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 128: 1414-1424 [PMID: 20473927 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25439].
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28.Newmark HL, Lipkin M. Calcium, vitamin D, and colon cancer. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 2067s-2070s [PMID: 1544142]
29.Kampman E, Slattery ML, Caan B, Potter JD. Calcium, vitamin D, sunshine exposure, dairy products and colon cancer risk (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2000; 11: 459-466 [PMID: 10877339]
30.Abdulrahman RM, Rahman BM. Prevalence of vitamin D level in the serum of patients living in Erbil city, Iraq, referred to private clinical laboratory and effect of age and sex on it. Journal of Biological Research-BollettinodellaSocietà Italiana di BiologiaSperimentale. 2018 May 11;91(1).
31.Savoie MB, Paciorek A, Zhang L, Van Blarigan EL, Sommovilla N, Abrams D, Atreya CE, Bergsland EK, Chern H, Kelley RK, Ko A. Vitamin D levels in patients with colorectal cancer before and after treatment initiation. Journal of gastrointestinal cancer. 2019 Dec;50(4):769-79.
32.Ng K, Nimeiri HS, McCleary NJ, Abrams TA, Yurgelun MB, Cleary JM, Rubinson DA, Schrag D, Miksad R, Bullock AJ, Allen J. Effect of high-dose vs standard-dose vitamin D3 supplementation on progression-free survival among patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer: the SUNSHINE randomized clinical trial. Jama. 2019 Apr 9;321(14):1370-9.
33.Yuan C, Sato K, Hollis BW, Zhang S, Niedzwiecki D, Ou FS, Chang IW, O'Neil BH, Innocenti F, Lenz HJ, Blanke CD. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and survival in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer: findings from CALGB/SWOG 80405 (Alliance). Clinical Cancer Research. 2019 Dec 15;25(24):7497-505.
2. Lamprecht SA, Lipkin M. Cellular mechanisms of calcium and vitamin D in the inhibition of colorectal carcinogenesis. Ann NY AcadSci 2001;952:73 – 85.
3-Iseki K, Tatsuta M, Uehara H, et al. Inhibition of angiogenesis as a mechanism for inhibition by 1a-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 of colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in Wistar rats. Int J Cancer 1999;81:730 – 3
4. Mathieu C, Adorini L. The coming of age of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) analogs as immunomodulatory agents. Trends Mol Med. 2002;8(4):174–179. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
5. Scaglione-Sewell BA, Bissonnette M, Skarosi S, et al. A vitamin D3 analog induces a G1-phase arrest in CaCo-2 cells by inhibiting cdk2 and cdk6: roles of cyclin E, p21Waf1, and p27Kip1. Endocrinology. 2000;141(11):3931–3939. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
6. Lamprecht SA, Lipkin M. Cellular mechanisms of calcium and vitamin D in the inhibition of colorectal carcinogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;952:73–87. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
7. Aggarwal A, Hoebaus J, Tennakoon, et al. Active vitamin D potentiates the anti-neoplastic effects of calcium in the colon: a cross-talk through the calcium-sensing receptor. J Steroid BiochemMol Biol. 2016;155(Pt B):231–238. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
8. Holt PR, Arber N, Halmos B, et al. Colonic epithelial cell proliferation decreases with increasing levels of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002;11:113 – 9.
9.rentice RL, Pettinger MB, Jackson RD, Wactawski-Wende J, Lacroix AZ, Anderson GL, Chlebowski RT, Manson JE, Van Horn L, Vitolins MZ, Datta M, LeBlanc ES, Cauley JA, Rossouw JE. Health risks and benefits from calcium and vitamin D supplementation: Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and cohort study. Osteoporos Int. 2013 Feb;24(2):567-80. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-2224-2. Epub 2012 Dec 4. PMID: 23208074; PMCID: PMC3557387.
10. Wactawski-Wende J, Kotchen JM, Anderson GL, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer. N Eng J Med. 2006;354(7):684–696.
11.Trivedi DP, Doll R, Khaw KT. Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial. BMJ. 2003;326(7387):469–472.
12. Lappe J, Travers-Gustafson D, Daviers KM, et al. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial. Am J ClinNutr. 2007;85(6):1586–1591
13. Baron JA, Barry EL, Mott LA. A Trial of Calcium and Vitamin D for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas. N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 15;373(16):1519-30. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1500409. PMID: 26465985; PMCID: PMC4643064.
14.Manson JE, Bassuk SS, Lee IM, Cook NR, Albert MA, Gordon D, Zaharris E, MacFadyen JG, Danielson E, Lin J, Zhang SM. The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): rationale and design of a large randomized controlled trial of vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acid supplements for the primary prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Contemporary clinical trials. 2012 Jan 1;33(1):159-71.
15. Jarvinen R, Knekt P, Hakulinen T, Aromaa A. Prospective study on milk products, calcium and cancers of the colon and rectum. Eur J ClinNutr 2001;55:1000 – 7.
16. Heaney P.R. Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004;80:1706S–1709S. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
17. Hanley D.A., Davison K.S. Vitamin D insufficiency in North America. J. Nutr. 2005;135:332–337.
18.Saleh BOA, Zainab N, Khawla AA. Research article status of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and the prevalence of its deficiency in Iraqi healthy men: age dependent study. Int J Curr Res 2016;8:28605-9.
19. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2016; 66(1):7-30.
20.Jemal A, Center MM, DeSantis C, et al. Global patterns of cancer incidenceand mortality rates and trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev2010;19:1893–1907.
21.Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al. Relation of meat, fat, and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer in a prospective study among women.NEngl J Med 1990;323:1664–1672.
22.Singh PN, Fraser GE. Dietary risk factors for colon cancer in a low- risk population. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148:761–774.
23.Slattery ML, Potter J, Caan B, et al. Energy balance and colon cancer —beyond physical activity . Cancer Res 1997;57:75–80.
24.Giovannucci E, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Physical activity, obesity, and risk for colon cancer and adenoma in men. Annals of internal medicine. 1995 Mar 1;122(5):327-34.
25.Potte r JD. Colorectal cancer : molecule s and populations. J NatlCanc e r I nst 1999;91:916–932.
26.Gandini S, Boniol M, Haukka J, Byrnes G, Cox B, Sneyd MJ, Mullie P, Autier P. Meta-analysis of observational studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and colorectal, breast and prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 128: 1414-1424 [PMID: 20473927 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25439].
27.Jacobs ET, Hibler EA, Lance P, Sardo CL, Jurutka PW. Association between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and colorectal adenoma: a pooled analysis. Int J Cancer 2013; 133: 2980-2988 [PMID: 23754630 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28316]
28.Newmark HL, Lipkin M. Calcium, vitamin D, and colon cancer. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 2067s-2070s [PMID: 1544142]
29.Kampman E, Slattery ML, Caan B, Potter JD. Calcium, vitamin D, sunshine exposure, dairy products and colon cancer risk (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2000; 11: 459-466 [PMID: 10877339]
30.Abdulrahman RM, Rahman BM. Prevalence of vitamin D level in the serum of patients living in Erbil city, Iraq, referred to private clinical laboratory and effect of age and sex on it. Journal of Biological Research-BollettinodellaSocietà Italiana di BiologiaSperimentale. 2018 May 11;91(1).
31.Savoie MB, Paciorek A, Zhang L, Van Blarigan EL, Sommovilla N, Abrams D, Atreya CE, Bergsland EK, Chern H, Kelley RK, Ko A. Vitamin D levels in patients with colorectal cancer before and after treatment initiation. Journal of gastrointestinal cancer. 2019 Dec;50(4):769-79.
32.Ng K, Nimeiri HS, McCleary NJ, Abrams TA, Yurgelun MB, Cleary JM, Rubinson DA, Schrag D, Miksad R, Bullock AJ, Allen J. Effect of high-dose vs standard-dose vitamin D3 supplementation on progression-free survival among patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer: the SUNSHINE randomized clinical trial. Jama. 2019 Apr 9;321(14):1370-9.
33.Yuan C, Sato K, Hollis BW, Zhang S, Niedzwiecki D, Ou FS, Chang IW, O'Neil BH, Innocenti F, Lenz HJ, Blanke CD. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and survival in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer: findings from CALGB/SWOG 80405 (Alliance). Clinical Cancer Research. 2019 Dec 15;25(24):7497-505.