Correlation between craniofacial parameters and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Iranian population
Keywords:
Craniofacial, Sleep apnea syndrome, IranianAbstract
Objectives: As craniofacial and anthropometric parameters seem to affect this disease and these parameters differ between ethnicities, this study was aimed to assess these correlations in Iranian population.
Method: This cross-sectional study was done on 73 patients that were referred to Baharloo hospital for overnight polysomnography in order to approve OSAS. Meanwhile, their craniofacial and anthropometric indices including weight, height, neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), head length (HL), head width (HW), total face height (TFH), upper face height (UFH), and face width (FW) were measured after obtaining informed consent. Body mass index (BMI), cephalic index (CI), total facial index (TFI), and upper facial index (UFI) were calculated based on measured parameters. Apnea-Hypopnea index (AHI) was extracted from polysomnography results. Then correlations between AHI and other parameters in total, males, and females were analyzed by SPSS software and 0.05 was the significance level.
Results: This study showed that mean CI was correlated with AHI in males (p=0.024) and mean HL was correlated with AHI in females (p=0.008). The dominant head form was dolichocephalic in males and hyper-brachycephalic in females. The dominant face form was hyper-leptoprosopic in either genders.
Conclusion: Cephalic index in males and head length in females correlate with OSAS in Iranian population.
References
1. Sarokhani M, Goli M, Salarvand S, Gheshlagh RG. The Prevalence of Sleep Apnea in Iran: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Mandana. Tanaffos. 2019;18(1):1–10.
2. Gharibeh T, Mehra R. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Natural history, diagnosis, and emerging treatment options. Vol. 2, Nature and Science of Sleep. 2010. p. 233–55.
3. Park JG, Ramar K, Olson EJ. Updates on definition, consequences, and management of obstructive sleep apnea concise review for clinicians. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86(6):549–55.
4. Ryu HH, Kim CH, Cheon SM, Bae WY, Kim SH, Koo SK, et al. The usefulness of cephalometric measurement as a diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A retrospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2015;119(1):20–31.
5. Lam B, Ip MSM, Tench E, Ryan CF. Craniofacial profile in Asian and white subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorax. 2005;60(6):504–10.
6. Neelapu BC, Kharbanda OP, Sardana HK, Balachandran R, Sardana V, Kapoor P, et al. Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cephalometric studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2017;31:79–90.
7. Silva VG, Pinheiro LAM, Silveira PL da, Duarte ASM, Faria AC, Carvalho EGB de, et al. Correlation between cephalometric data and severity of sleep apnea. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;80(3):191–5.
8. Gungor AY, Turkkahraman H, Yilmaz HH, Yariktas M. Cephalometric comparison of obstructive sleep apnea patients and healthy controls. Eur J Dent. 2013;7(1):48–54.
9. Barrera JE, Pau CY, Forest V-I, Holbrook AB, Popelka GR. Anatomic measures of upper airway structures in obstructive sleep apnea. World J Otorhinolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2017;3(2):85–91.
10. Takai Y, Yamashiro Y, Satoh D, Isobe K, Sakamoto S, Homma S. Cephalometric assessment of craniofacial morphology in Japanese male patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2012;10(3):162–8.
11. Perri RA, Kairaitis K, Cistulli P, Wheatley JR, Amis TC. Surface cephalometric and anthropometric variables in OSA patients: Statistical models for the OSA phenotype. Sleep Breath. 2014;18(1):39–52.
12. Zolbin MM, Hassanzadeh G, Mokhtari T, Arabkheradmand A, Hassanzadeh S. Anthropometric Studies of Nasal Parameters of Qazvin Residents, Iran. MOJ Anat Physiol. 2015;1(1).
13. Azizi M, Hassanzadeh G, Barbarestani M, Sadr M, Dehbashipour A, Alaghbandha N, et al. Comparative Anthropometric Analysis of Facial Dimensions and Types in Qazvin, Iran and DeraGhazi Khan, Pakistan. Anat Sci J. 2014;11(3):119–26.
14. Kim ST, Park KH, Shin SH, Kim JE, Pae CU, Ko KP, et al. Formula for predicting OSA and the Apnea–Hypopnea Index in Koreans with suspected OSA using clinical, anthropometric, and cephalometric variables. Sleep Breath. 2017;21(4):885–92.
15. Borges P de TM, da Silva BB, Moita Neto JM, Borges NE de S, Li LM. Cephalometric and anthropometric data of obstructive apnea in different age groups. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;81(1):79–84.
16. De Tarso M Borges P, Ferreira Filho ES, De Araujo TME, Moita Neto JM, De Sa Borges NE, Melo Neto B, et al. Correlation of cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea severity. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;17(3):321–8.
17. Hassanzadeh G, Sadr M, Alaghbandha N, Dehbashipour A, Abbas MA HZO. Anthropometric characteristics of craniums in residents of Qazvin, Iran and Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan: a comparative study. Anat Sci J. 2013;10:43–9.
18. Madadi S, Khanehzad M, Tahmasebi F, Gordon K, Hassanzadeh G. Correlation of horizontal cephalic index and cranial parameters in Iranian medical students. Acta Med Iran. 2018;56(9):577–84.
19. Pouya F, Eftekhar-Vaghefi SH, Salehinejad P. Anthropometric analysis of cephalofacial dimensions in Kerman, Iran. Acta Med Iran. 2017;55(4):241–8.
20. Perri RA, Kairaitis K, Wheatley JR, Amis TC. Anthropometric and craniofacial sexual dimorphism in obstructive sleep apnea patients: Is there male-female phenotypical convergence? J Sleep Res. 2015;24(1):82–91.
21. Heidari Z, Sagheb HRM, Mugahi MHN. Morphological evaluation of head and face in 18-25 years old women in southeast of Iran. J Med Sci. 2006;6(3):400–4.
22. Cakirer B, Hans MG, Graham G, Aylor J, Tishler P V., Redline S. The relationship between craniofacial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea in whites and in African-Americans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(4):947–50.
23. Navaei F, Ghaffari N, Mojaverrostami S, Dodongeh M, Nemati M. Stature estimation from facial measurements in medical students of Tehran university of Medical Sciences : an Iranian population. Iraq Med J. 2018;2(3):68–71.
24. Dodangheh M, Mokhtari T, Mojaverrostami S, Nemati M, Zarbakhsh S, Arabkheradmand A, et al. Anthropometric Study of the Facial Index in the Population of Medical Students in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. GMJ Med. 2018;V(June):51–7.
25. Madadi S, Tahmasebi F, Khanehzad M, Kazemzadeh S, Hassanzadeh G. Estimation of Stature from Facial indices among Iranian medical students. J Contemp Med Sci. 2019;5(2).
26. Vidovic N, Mectrovic S, Dogas Z, Bukovic D, Brakus I, Brakus RB, et al. Craniofacial Morphology of Croatian Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Coll Antropol. 2013;37(1):271–9.
2. Gharibeh T, Mehra R. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Natural history, diagnosis, and emerging treatment options. Vol. 2, Nature and Science of Sleep. 2010. p. 233–55.
3. Park JG, Ramar K, Olson EJ. Updates on definition, consequences, and management of obstructive sleep apnea concise review for clinicians. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86(6):549–55.
4. Ryu HH, Kim CH, Cheon SM, Bae WY, Kim SH, Koo SK, et al. The usefulness of cephalometric measurement as a diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A retrospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2015;119(1):20–31.
5. Lam B, Ip MSM, Tench E, Ryan CF. Craniofacial profile in Asian and white subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorax. 2005;60(6):504–10.
6. Neelapu BC, Kharbanda OP, Sardana HK, Balachandran R, Sardana V, Kapoor P, et al. Craniofacial and upper airway morphology in adult obstructive sleep apnea patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cephalometric studies. Sleep Med Rev. 2017;31:79–90.
7. Silva VG, Pinheiro LAM, Silveira PL da, Duarte ASM, Faria AC, Carvalho EGB de, et al. Correlation between cephalometric data and severity of sleep apnea. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;80(3):191–5.
8. Gungor AY, Turkkahraman H, Yilmaz HH, Yariktas M. Cephalometric comparison of obstructive sleep apnea patients and healthy controls. Eur J Dent. 2013;7(1):48–54.
9. Barrera JE, Pau CY, Forest V-I, Holbrook AB, Popelka GR. Anatomic measures of upper airway structures in obstructive sleep apnea. World J Otorhinolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2017;3(2):85–91.
10. Takai Y, Yamashiro Y, Satoh D, Isobe K, Sakamoto S, Homma S. Cephalometric assessment of craniofacial morphology in Japanese male patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2012;10(3):162–8.
11. Perri RA, Kairaitis K, Cistulli P, Wheatley JR, Amis TC. Surface cephalometric and anthropometric variables in OSA patients: Statistical models for the OSA phenotype. Sleep Breath. 2014;18(1):39–52.
12. Zolbin MM, Hassanzadeh G, Mokhtari T, Arabkheradmand A, Hassanzadeh S. Anthropometric Studies of Nasal Parameters of Qazvin Residents, Iran. MOJ Anat Physiol. 2015;1(1).
13. Azizi M, Hassanzadeh G, Barbarestani M, Sadr M, Dehbashipour A, Alaghbandha N, et al. Comparative Anthropometric Analysis of Facial Dimensions and Types in Qazvin, Iran and DeraGhazi Khan, Pakistan. Anat Sci J. 2014;11(3):119–26.
14. Kim ST, Park KH, Shin SH, Kim JE, Pae CU, Ko KP, et al. Formula for predicting OSA and the Apnea–Hypopnea Index in Koreans with suspected OSA using clinical, anthropometric, and cephalometric variables. Sleep Breath. 2017;21(4):885–92.
15. Borges P de TM, da Silva BB, Moita Neto JM, Borges NE de S, Li LM. Cephalometric and anthropometric data of obstructive apnea in different age groups. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;81(1):79–84.
16. De Tarso M Borges P, Ferreira Filho ES, De Araujo TME, Moita Neto JM, De Sa Borges NE, Melo Neto B, et al. Correlation of cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea severity. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;17(3):321–8.
17. Hassanzadeh G, Sadr M, Alaghbandha N, Dehbashipour A, Abbas MA HZO. Anthropometric characteristics of craniums in residents of Qazvin, Iran and Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan: a comparative study. Anat Sci J. 2013;10:43–9.
18. Madadi S, Khanehzad M, Tahmasebi F, Gordon K, Hassanzadeh G. Correlation of horizontal cephalic index and cranial parameters in Iranian medical students. Acta Med Iran. 2018;56(9):577–84.
19. Pouya F, Eftekhar-Vaghefi SH, Salehinejad P. Anthropometric analysis of cephalofacial dimensions in Kerman, Iran. Acta Med Iran. 2017;55(4):241–8.
20. Perri RA, Kairaitis K, Wheatley JR, Amis TC. Anthropometric and craniofacial sexual dimorphism in obstructive sleep apnea patients: Is there male-female phenotypical convergence? J Sleep Res. 2015;24(1):82–91.
21. Heidari Z, Sagheb HRM, Mugahi MHN. Morphological evaluation of head and face in 18-25 years old women in southeast of Iran. J Med Sci. 2006;6(3):400–4.
22. Cakirer B, Hans MG, Graham G, Aylor J, Tishler P V., Redline S. The relationship between craniofacial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea in whites and in African-Americans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(4):947–50.
23. Navaei F, Ghaffari N, Mojaverrostami S, Dodongeh M, Nemati M. Stature estimation from facial measurements in medical students of Tehran university of Medical Sciences : an Iranian population. Iraq Med J. 2018;2(3):68–71.
24. Dodangheh M, Mokhtari T, Mojaverrostami S, Nemati M, Zarbakhsh S, Arabkheradmand A, et al. Anthropometric Study of the Facial Index in the Population of Medical Students in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. GMJ Med. 2018;V(June):51–7.
25. Madadi S, Tahmasebi F, Khanehzad M, Kazemzadeh S, Hassanzadeh G. Estimation of Stature from Facial indices among Iranian medical students. J Contemp Med Sci. 2019;5(2).
26. Vidovic N, Mectrovic S, Dogas Z, Bukovic D, Brakus I, Brakus RB, et al. Craniofacial Morphology of Croatian Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Coll Antropol. 2013;37(1):271–9.
Downloads
Published
2019-09-15
How to Cite
1.
Hassanzadeh S, Banafsheh Alemohammad Z, Mokhtari T, Arabalidoosti F, Rezaei F. Correlation between craniofacial parameters and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Iranian population. Iraq Med J [Internet]. 2019 Sep. 15 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];3(2). Available from: https://iraqmedj.org/index.php/imj/article/view/643
Issue
Section
Articles