Serum Total and Free Prostate Specific Antigen Levels as Novel Biomarker in Patients with COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22317/imj.v5i3.1034Keywords:
COVID-19, pneumonia, pandemic biomarker, Prostate-Specific AntigenAbstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of TPSA and FPSA for early detection of COVID-19 and compare it with a control group.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of 146 patients from the Respiratory Clinic in Sebha city, 73 of whom have COVID-19 PCR-confirmed and 73 who do not have COVID-19 (group control).
Results: The mean and standard division age in the PCR-confirmed COVID-19 group was 61.51±16.40. In the PCR-confirmed COVID-19 group, the mean and standard division serum biomarker level for TPSA was 0.51±.26 ng/ml, and 0.57± 0.32 for FPSA.
Conclusion: For the biomarkers TPSA and FPSA, there were no significant differences between the control and PCR-confirmed COVID-19 groups. These findings suggest that the tumor biomarker may be ineffective in detecting COVID-19.
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3. Honardoost M, Janani L, Aghili R, Emami Z, Khamseh ME. The Association Between Presence of Comorbidities and COVID-19 Severity; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. preprint. 2020.
4. Cowling BJ, Leung GM. Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Euro Surveill, 2020; doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.6.2000110
5. Guarner J. Three emerging coronaviruses in two decades. Am J Clin Pathol, 2020; doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa029
6. Zhou, P.; Yang, X.-L.; Wang, X.-G.; Hu, B.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W.; Si, H.-R.; Zhu, Y.; Li, B.; Huang, C.-L.; et al. A Pneumonia Outbreak Associated with a New Coronavirus of Probable Bat Origin. Nature 2020, 579, 270.
7. Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 [published online March 17, 2020]. Nat Med. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591- 020-0820-9
8. Liu, Y.; Gayle, A. A.; Wilder-Smith, A.; Rocklöv, J. The Reproductive Number of COVID-19 Is Higher Compared to SARS Coronavirus. J. Travel Med. 2020, 27 (2), taaa021.
9. Kamboj M, Sepkowitz K. Nosocomial infections in patients with cancer. The Lancet Oncology 2009; 10(6): 589-97.
10. Li J, Duan X, Wang L, et al. Selective depletion of regulatory T cell subsets by docetaxel treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of immunology research 2014; 2014:
286170.
11. Longbottom E, Torrance H, Owen H, et al. Features of Postoperative Immune Suppression Are Reversible With Interferon Gamma and Independent of Interleukin-6 Pathways. Annals of surgery 2016; 264(2): 370-7.
12. Sica A, Massarotti M. Myeloid suppressor cells in cancer and autoimmunity. Journal of autoimmunity 2017; 85: 117-25.
13. Wei X, Su J, Yang K, et al. Elevations of serum cancer biomarkers correlate with severity of COVID-19. Journal of medical virology 2020.
14. Liang W, Guan W, Chen R, et al. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. The Lancet Oncology 2020; 21(3): 335-7.
15. Patrick P. J. van der Veek,1 Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel,2 Alexandra M. J. Langers,3 and Bart van Hoek3 .Two Patients with Extremely Elevated Tumor Markers: Where Is The Malignancy? Hindawi Publishing Corporation. Gastroenterology Research and Practice Volume 2011, Article ID 123743, 4 pages doi:10.1155/2011/123743
16.Lin L, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Huang S, Zhang Z, Fang Z, Gu Z, Gao L, Shi H, Mai L et al (2020) Gastrointestinal symptoms of 95 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Gut 69:997–1001
17. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Hui DSC et al (2020) Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 18:1708–1720
18. Schr.der FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, et al. Screening and prostate cancer mortality: results of the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) at 13 years of follow-up.Lancet 2014;384:2027–35.
19. Stattin P, Carlsson S, Holmstr.m B, et al. Prostate cancer mortality in areas with
high and low prostate cancer incidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014;106:dju007.
20. Etzioni R, Tsodikov A, Mariotto A, et al. Quantifying the role of PSA screening in the US prostate cancer mortality decline. Cancer Causes Control 2008;19:175–81.
21. Lynch T, Burgess M. Prostate-specific antigen test: an informed choice. Prim Health Care. 2011;21(3):16–21.
22. Tkac, J.; Bertok, T.; Hires, M.; Jane, E.; Lorencova, L.; Kasak, P. Glycomics of prostate cancer: Updates. Exp. Rev. Proteom. 2019, 16, 65–76. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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24. Josic, D.; Martinovic, T.; Pavelic, K. Glycosylation and metastases. Electrophoresis 2019, 40, 140–150. [CrossRef]
25. Rodrigues, J.G.; Balmaña, M.; Macedo, J.A.; Poças, J.; Fernandes, Â.; de-Freitas-Junior, J.C.M.; Pinho, S.S.; Gomes, J.; Magalhães, A.; Gomes, C.; et al. Glycosylation in cancer: Selected roles in tumour progression, immune modulation and metastasis. Cell. Immunol. 2018, 333, 46–57. [CrossRef]
26. Ideo, H.; Kondo, J.; Nomura, T.; Nonomura, N.; Inoue, M.; Amano, J. Study of glycosylation of prostate-specific antigen secreted by cancer tissue-originated spheroids reveals new candidates for prostate cancer detection. Sci. Rep. 2020, 10, 2708. [CrossRef]
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29. Tang Y-W, Schmitz JE, Persing DH, Stratton CW. 2020. The laboratory
diagnosis of COVID-19 infection: current issues and challenges. J Clin
Microbiol 58:e00512-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00512-20.
30. Shu T, Ning W, Wu D, Xu J, Han Q, Huang M, et al. Plasma proteomics identify biomarkers and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Immunity.2020;53(5):1108-22.e5.
31. Du RH, Liang LR, Yang CQ, Wang W, Cao TZ, Li M, et al. Predictors
of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-
2: A prospective cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5):2000524.
32. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Yi, et al. Clinical features of
patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet.
2020;395:497-506.
33. Lingaiah A, Srinivasarao Bandaru VCS. Role of Biomarker in COVID-19: A Study from Tertiary Care Center. Ann Infect Dis Epidemiol. 2021; 6(1): 1062.
ISSN: 2475-5664
34. Yu J, Yang Z, Zhou X, et al. Prognostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen on outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. J Infect. 2020;81(2):e170â€e172.
35. He B, Zhong A, Wu Q, et al. Tumor biomarkers predict clinical outcome of COVIDâ€19 patients. J Infect. 2020;81(3):452â€482.
36. Purut YE, Giray B, Gurbuz E. Effect of the coronavirus pandemic on tumor markers. J Med Virol. 2021;1â€4. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27057