Novel Coronavirus Disease-2019: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics and Guideline Protocol for Disease Management in Different Countries

Abstract

Objective: Coronavirus is a positive-strand RNA virus in which consists of a certain virus that infects both animals and humans; including the recent one which is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Coronavirus has been a significant threat in November 2019.

Methods: The review focus on full coverage of the epidemic state of the virus worldwide, major diagnostic approaches used, the therapeutic drugs types and approaches used, the pathology and pathogenesis of the disease in infected patients and its consequences in addition to the virus and the major guidelines for the disease management in different countries. Different literature and guidelines among different databases were searched. Literature reviewing was conducted using the following search engines, Google Scholar, Medline, Pub Med, Web of Science, and Science Direct, so in order to better reveal the published peer-reviewed articles about  SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV.

Results: SARS-CoV data collected in this review will give help to medical researchers and further decision-makers, social and economic makers concerned with health status, and pandemic infections among countries in different aspects. As understanding, the disease and the different responses to this virus could help to find immune-based therapeutics or/ and traditional medicines. By June 1^st2020, the pandemic cases are about six million worldwide and the number is rising everyday sharply. While the actual and accurate causes and effective treatment of COVID-19 are still unknown or unavailable and the number of active cases of the infection is rising every day which rising panic and concern on public health worldwide. The greatest number of new cases and deaths of COVID-19 were reported in the USA, Brazil, Russia, Spain, the UK, Italy, Germany, and France. This growing number of cases is due to the person-to-person transmission that has been reported both in and outside of China. In Palestine, the pandemic cases were about 600 by the end of May 2020. In June 28^th 2020 coronavirus cases were 10,088,576, deaths 501,442, and recovered 5,466,534 globally. The cases increased very sharply within a short period (about three weeks); in Palestine, the spread of the disease is also nearly tripled by this time (1,815 cases reported). The outbreak of the disease is extremely very fast as by the end of June (within only one month period), the cases have been nearly doubled as the coronavirus cases confirmed were 10,690,566, deaths 516,393 (8%), and recovered are 5,856,464 worldwide. The high incidence rate and cases were also in the USA (2,751,571), then Brazil (1,426,913), Russia (654,405), etc. In Palestine by this time, at the end of June, the reported cases were increased very sharply by about six times; as more than 3,095 cases were reported including East Jerusalem (337 cases), with 11 deaths. The highest cases (1947 cases) were in Hebron Governorate; with these confirmed cases Palestine ranked 97 among 215 countries that have coronavirus; with the highest outbreak rate in the world; compare to population number.

Conclusions: The pandemic by COVID-19 is a very dangerous issue affecting people worldwide. Without fundamental therapeutic interventions, current management is to reduce the virus spread and provide supportive care for diseased patients. There is an urgent need to develop targeted therapies. Understanding the disease and the different responses to this virus could help to find immune-based therapeutics or/ and traditional medicines. It is important to have the latest information but we must ensure that information is coming from trustworthy sources. We have collected a variety of helpful resources related to COVID-19. We also have several initiatives to get the public involved in our work and educated on how to make informed health decisions. The global impact of this new pandemic is yet uncertain.