Histopathology analysis of thyroid cancer tumor size in Sulaymaniyah -Kurdistan Region-Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22317/imj.v4i2.771Keywords:
Thyroid, Cancer, Histology, CorrelationAbstract
Objective: Thyroid cancer is not uncommon disease and its histology is varied. The current study investigates the correlation between thyroid cancer and tumor size.
Methods: Reports of one hundred patients with thyroid carcinoma biopsy submitted to histopathological review from July 2018 to December 2019 in Sulaymaniyah city of Iraq, were studied. Only malignant thyroid glands included in the study. Gender, age, tumor size, multifocality, extrathyroid extension, nodal metastasis, perineural and capsular invasion were studied. The tumor size relation to other parameters analysis were performed by using SPSS program.
Result: The sample were predominantly female 83%. The tumor affects one lobe in 67% with 1.4 times more in right lobe than left lobe but bilaterality were 12%. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for 94%. Two-third 66% of the glands surface was nodular. Only10% were totally encapsulated. Multifocal tumor found in 28% of the cases. The lymphovascular invasion identified in 30%, perineural invasion 25% & Lymphocytic thyroiditis in 42%. Lymph node involvement detected in 17%. Regarding the tumor size (T), 79% of the patients were T1. The Tumor size had significant relation to: margin involvement, lymphovascular invasion and ymphnode involvement (N1) as found more in T1 & T2.
Conclusion: PTC was the commonest pathology with female predominance. Two-third affects only one lobe with more in right lobe. Smaller size tumor may have more lymphnode or margin involvement. Size of the tumor were significantly related with encapsulation and lymphovascular invasion.
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2. F. Charles Brunicardi,Dana K. Anderson, Timothy R. Billiar , David L. Dunn,John J. Hunter, Jeffrey B. Matthews, Raphael E. Pollock,Mc Graw Hill education . Schwartz s principles of surgery 11 th edition, 2019 p;1649
3. Kunjumon DT, Upadhyaya K. Histopathological features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with special emphasis on the significance of nuclear features in their diagnosis. Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2014 Jan 1;2(1):16.
4. Norman S. Williams, P Ronan O’Connell, Andrew W. McCaskie. Tayler &Francis group. Baily and love’s short practice of surgery 27th edidition, 2018 p;816
5. Cancer AJCo. AJCC Cancer Staging Form Supplement. In: CANCER AJCO, editor. 2018.
6. Sezer A, Celik M, Bulbul BY, Can N, Tastekin E, Ayturk S, Ustun F, Guldiken S, Sut N. Relationship between lymphovascular invasion and clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences. 2017 May;17(2):144.
7. Yoo BJ, Song CM, Ji YB, Lee JY, Park HJ, Tae K. Efficacy of central neck dissection for clinically node-negative papillary thyroid carcinoma: Propensity scoring matching. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2019;10:172.
8. Kamel Hasan O, De Brabandere S, Rachinsky I, Laidley D, MacNeil D, Van Uum S. Microscopic Positive Tumor Margin Increases Risk for Disease Persistence but Not Recurrence in Patients with Stage T1-T2 Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Journal of Thyroid Research. 2020;2020.
9. Sharifi A, Shojaeifard A, Soroush A, Jafari M, Abdehgah AG, Mahmoudzade H. Predictors of regional lymph node recurrence after initial thyroidectomy in patients with thyroid cancer. Journal of thyroid research. 2016;2016.
10. Wang LY, Ghossein R, Palmer FL, Nixon IJ, Tuttle RM, Shaha AR, Shah JP, Patel SG, Ganly I. Microscopic positive margins in differentiated thyroid cancer is not an independent predictor of local failure. Thyroid. 2015 Sep 1;25(9):993-8.
11. Khan YS, Farhana A. Histology, Thyroid Gland. [Updated 2019 Dec 16]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551659/
12. Health H. Thyroid Cancer Harvard Health Publishing2019 [Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/thyroid-cancer-a-to-z.
13. Erkilic S, Celenk F, Bozdag Z. Association between tumor size and bilateral involvement in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Journal of thyroid research. 2016;2016.
14. Board CNE. Thyroid Cancer: Introduction 2019 [Available from: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/thyroid-cancer/introduction.
15. Xu B. Thyroid gland Papillary thyroid carcinoma. Zynger D, editor: pathologyoutlines; 2020.
16. Jin LX, Moley JF. Surgery for lymph node metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a review. Cancer. 2016 Feb 1;122(3):358-66.
17. El-Gammal AS, E-Balshy MA, Zahran KM. Relationship between thyroid nodule size and incidence of thyroid cancer. Menoufia Medical Journal. 2019 Jul 1;32(3):1142.
18. Pisanu A, Deplano D, Reccia I, Porceddu G, Uccheddu A. Encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma: Is it a distinctive clinical entity with low-grade malignancy?. Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2013 Feb 1;36(2):78-83.
19. Longoria Dubocq, Texell & Gracia-Ramis, Alvaro & Mayorga, Isabel & Nieves Muñoz, Jose & Mendez-Latalladi, William. (2019). Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Tumor Capsule Association with Histologically Unfavorable Factors, AMES, MACIS and Staging.
20. Liu C, Chen T, Zeng W, Wang S, Xiong Y, Liu Z, Huang T. Reevaluating the prognostic significance of male gender for papillary thyroid carcinoma and microcarcinoma: a SEER database analysis. Scientific reports. 2017 Sep 12;7(1):1-8.
21. Gong Y, Li G, Lei J, You J, Jiang K, Li Z, Gong R, Zhu J. A favorable tumor size to define papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: an analysis of 1176 consecutive cases. Cancer management and research. 2018;10:899.
22. Ng SC, Kuo SF, Chen ST, Hsueh C, Huang BY, Lin JD. Therapeutic outcomes of patients with multifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinomas and larger tumors. International journal of endocrinology. 2017;2017.
23. Pontius LN, Youngwirth LM, Thomas SM, Scheri RP, Roman SA, Sosa JA. Lymphovascular invasion is associated with survival for papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine-related cancer. 2016 Jul 1;23(7):555-62.
24. Rowe CW, Dill T, Griffin N, Jobling P, Faulkner S, Paul JW, King S, Smith R, Hondermarck H. Innervation of papillary thyroid cancer and its association with extra-thyroidal invasion. Scientific reports. 2020 Jan 30;10(1):1-9.
25. Liebig C, Ayala G, Wilks JA, Berger DH, Albo D. Perineural invasion in cancer: a review of the literature. Cancer: Interdisciplinary International Journal of the American Cancer Society. 2009 Aug 1;115(15):3379-91.
26. Buyruk BA, Kebapci MN, Yorulmaz G, Buyruk A, Kebapci M. Evaluation of clinicopathological factors in papillary thyroid cancer with cervical lymph node metastasis. In19th European Congress of Endocrinology 2017 May 3 (Vol. 49). BioScientifica.
27. Li G, Lei J, Peng Q, Jiang K, Chen W, Zhao W, Li Z, Gong R, Wei T, Zhu J. Lymph node metastasis characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma located in the isthmus: A single-center analysis. Medicine. 2017 Jun;96(24).
28. Zhang TT, Qi XZ, Chen JP, Shi RL, Wen SS, Wang YL, Ji QH, Shen Q, Zhu YX, Qu N. The association between tumor’s location and cervical lymph nodes metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer. Gland surgery. 2019 Oct;8(5):557.
29. Primary tumour size is a prognostic parameter in patients suffering from differentiated thyroid carcinoma with extrathyroidal growth: results of the MSDS trial, European journal of endocrinology 2010
30. Zhang TT, Li CF, Wen SS, Huang DZ, Sun GH, Zhu YX, Wang Y, Ji QH, Qu N, Shi RL. Effects of tumor size on prognosis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma smaller than 2 cm. Oncology letters. 2019 May 1;17(5):4229-36.
31. Nguyen XV, Roy Choudhury K, Tessler FN, Hoang JK. Effect of tumor size on risk of metastatic disease and survival for thyroid cancer: implications for biopsy guidelines. Thyroid. 2018 Mar 1;28(3):295-300.
32. Gong Y, Li G, Lei J, You J, Jiang K, Li Z, Gong R, Zhu J. A favorable tumor size to define papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: an analysis of 1176 consecutive cases. Cancer management and research. 2018;10:899.
33. Liu L, Oh C, Heo JH, Park HS, Lee K, Chang JW, Jung SN, Koo BS. Clinical significance of extrathyroidal extension according to primary tumor size in papillary thyroid carcinoma. European Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2018 Nov 1;44(11):1754-9.
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Published
2020-06-26
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Shakor FN, Abdalqader MHA, Saeed AH. Histopathology analysis of thyroid cancer tumor size in Sulaymaniyah -Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Iraq Med J [Internet]. 2020 Jun. 26 [cited 2024 Nov. 4];4(2). Available from: https://iraqmedj.org/index.php/imj/article/view/771
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